Hyatt Regency Hotel Walkaway Collapse Assignment

Hyatt Regency Hotel Walkaway Collapse - Assignment Example When the walkaways reached the floor, they killed 114 people (Lewis, James, Ralston, Norb& Wheatly 2). The accident left 200 people injured (Banset & Parsons 273). The disaster is related to engineering disasters because of a flaw in the connection of the walkways and the support rods. The disaster led to a number of significant changes in engineering practice. For instance, the engineer who authorized its design lost his license. After restoration, the hotel is currently functioning normally. The Hyatt Regency collapse occurred on July 17, 1981 in Missouri (Banset & Parsons 273). The hotel is located in Kansas City. The accident led to the death of 114 people and caused the injuries of 200 others (Banset & Parsons 273). The disaster has been selected for this paper because it was the most tragic structural collapse in American history at that time. During that fateful night, many people had gathered in the atrium to attend the highly publicized tea party. A significant number of peo ple stood on the walkways. When the accident occurred, all the walkways were packed with many patrons. The design of the walkaways contributed to the extent of the disaster. The fourth-floor bridge was suspended over all the subsequent bridges. In addition, the third walkaway was set off a few meters from the other two. Investigations established a flawed design alteration that increased the load on the connection between the support beams of the fourth walk away and the tie rods that were used to carry the weight of the next walk away. The engineers had clearly failed to observe due diligence. For example, the new design could not handle the weight of the structure. In addition, it could not support the weight of the hundreds of spectators that were standing on it. Consequently, the bridge failed and both walkaways ended up crashing into the lobby. The accident led to the death and injury of many people.

Acceleration of falling cones Investigation Essay Example for Free

Acceleration of falling cones Investigation Essay Safety Statement:- To make this investigation safe I will wear sensible shoes, this make sure that I will not fall or trip on the table whilst carrying out the investigation. Prediction:- I predict that the smaller the surface area of the cone the faster it will fall. I know this as the more surface area the cone has the more air resistance there is. I also know this as when I carried out some research on parachutes, I discovered, that the larger the parachute the quicker the forces balanced, making the parachute fall slowly. Also, the smaller the parachute the longer it took for the forces to balance out, making the parachute fall much quicker. When I looked at a person freefalling (standing up) the results were that this also took at long time for the forces to balance out. When I saw the results of a person lying down I could see that the forced balanced out quickly, making the person fall slower. I know that it doesnt matter what weight an object has, it falls at the same acceleration, and lands on the ground at the same time. On the moon a feather and a golf ball were dropped at the same time, they both hit the surface of the moon at the same time. In any atmosphere when there is a gas or a liquid they initially drop at the same acceleration, encountering a drag force; this increases as it goes faster. The drag force increases until it equals the weight force, the forces are then balanced and it cant go any faster. This is called terminal velocity. Equipment:- The equipment that I shall use will be a stopwatch; to make sure that the times are as accurate as possible, a table of which to stand on when dropping the cone, and sensible shoes whilst standing on the table, I will also have a metre rule to measure the 2m distance, from the floor to the bottom of the cone. Method:- In this experiment I will time how long it takes for a cone to fall 2m. Each time I will make the cone slightly smaller, and therefore decreasing the surface area each time. I will then repeat each size three times: taking an average of the three times, of which I will then plot all the points on a graph. This will hopefully prove my prediction correct. The piece of card forming the cone will be moved 20? for each part of the experiment. Variables:- Distance, Surface area, Weight. The variable that I am going to change will be the surface area of the cone. This will help me determine whether or not my prediction is proven correct. Fair Test:- To make this experiment a fair test, I will take an average of the times of the cone falling after repeating the experiment three times. I will also make sure that I move the piece of card forming the cone around 20? each time, making the surface area of the cone decrease in regular intervals. Obtaining:- Results:- Angle (degrees? ) Surface Area (cm) Time (seconds) 1st Time (seconds) 2nd Time (seconds) 3rd Average Time (seconds) Velocity (m/s)nalysis:- My results show that the bigger the surface area of the cone the slower the cone would fall. This was due to the forces balancing out quicker. The smaller the surface area the quicker the cone would fall, it therefore takes longer for the forces to balance out, causing it to have a higher velocity. Looking at the graph above you can see that it did take longer for the cone to fall with a larger surface area. In the graph below you can see that the smaller the surface area the higher the velocity, (the time it took for the cone to fall in metres per second) My results show that my prediction was correct, the smaller the area the faster the cone will fall. The terminal velocity only lasted for a couple of cm, as the forces balanced out quite quickly. Velocity formula Distance = Velocity Time Example:- 2 = 1. 38 1. 45 The larger the area the smaller the velocity, this is because it takes longer for the cone to reach the ground. The larger the area the more air resistance it encounters, this makes it fall slower to the ground. My conclusion for this experiment is that the larger the area the longer it takes for the cone to fall, it therefore has a lower velocity. The smaller the area the quicker the cone falls, it also has a higher velocity. Evaluation:- The investigation I carried out was very good, as the results for each of the experiments that I carried out had almost the same time for each, the average was also very close to the time it took for each of the cones to fall. This data was very reliable. There are not any results that dont fit the pattern in the graphs. To carry out this investigation I had to measure the height of 2 metres of which the cone would be dropped each time. These results were then recorded, and then I took the average of each result, and plotted these points on a graph. If I did this experiment again I would take more results of each area to make the averages even more accurate, and reliable data. As well as having more data if this experiment was done again I would extend the experiment to involve weight. I would then try to prove that the weight of the cone would not affect the velocity and time of the cone falling. This would help me determine whether or not I was right about weight not being a factor of affecting the time and velocity. If I was to do this then this would be my experiment then this would be what I would do:- Prediction:- I predict that the weight would not make an impact on the time it takes for the cone to fall, and its velocity. Equipment:- Plastacine Stopwatch, Metre rule, Piece of card with cone and angles drawn on it. This time the variable I would change would be the weight of the cone. Method:- I would drop the cone with a ball of plastercine in it from a height of 2m. Each time I drop it I would change the weight of the plastercine, repeating this three times each for each different weight, this way I could get an average of the times, making it even more accurate. Acceleration and terminal velocity of falling cones.

Tourism industry of Greece

Tourism industry of Greece INTRODUCTION Greece has enjoyed a reputation as one of the prime tourism destinations in the world during the last two decades. Despite the fact that Greeces tourism sector is set for a couple of difficult years ahead with the global economic downturn and the international fear of the H1N1 virus hitting the industry hard, further threatening the countrys fragile economy, Greece has no option but to remain optimistic about its tourism evolution. Greece continues to be a preferred tourism destination because of its safe, low-crime, tourist-friendly environment. In addition, the successful Olympic Summer Games that Greece hosted in 2004 brought increased optimism regarding the future of the Greek tourism sector. Indeed, since the travel and tourism market affects, directly and indirectly, all sectors of the Greek national economy, the World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) estimates that the real impact of the industry accounts for 14.5% of Greeces GDP and represents over 16.5% of total employment. This study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter of the project defines tourism and outlines the significance and importance of tourism using material of classic text. Produces different definitions of Tourisms and help us to understand Tourism as an International Phenomenon, as well as the Tourist product itself. We also discuss the political significance, educational significance, cultural significance and economic and social significance of Tourism. The second chapter tries to analyze and appraise the current situation of the Greek tourist industry and in detail produce a statistical analysis which shows the market structure, the types of holidays, the holiday facilities and the different types of tourists in Greece. The third chapter focuses on the prospects and new trends of the Greek Tourist industry and on the different strategic objectives and planning initiatives necessary for a competitive tourist industry. It is a fact that tourism is fundamental to the Greek economy and revenue from the industry helps to offset an otherwise adverse balance of payment because of the absence of heavy and competitive industry and the present and unfortunately long-lasting crisis in the shipping industry. Bearing in mind and despite the ever-changing tourist environment (strong euro, weak British sterling and American dollar) the future of the industry is optimistic and the forecasts favorable but pitfalls are always there. It is also tried to give a picture of the changing face of tourism in Greece, its potential and its future by discussing the alternative forms of Tourism. With the term  «alternative tourism » or  «tourism of specified interests » we define the summation of the completed tourism services, which are characterized by specialized work according to the specific needs and preferences of their customs, apply to a specialized public and count on ecologically permissible and mild activities, while they show off the natural beauties of the landscape without destroying it. Such sort of tourism is the Rural Agrotourism, the Cultural, Ecological Tourism e.t.c The forth chapter discusses a marketing analysis and planning, that focuses on the characteristics of the Greek islands and Greek coastal line, using the information, data and analysis of the previous chapters. Finally the conclusion summarizes the main points of all chapters and outlines the different factors which are very important and which dictate the tourism development in Greece. Tourism development is a very sensitive subject with several uncertainties. In addition, sufficient attention is not always given to the various problems that arise nor to the integration of tourism into the whole economy and society. CHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM INTRODUCTION The first chapter of the project defines tourism and outlines the significance and importance of tourism. Produces different definitions of Tourisms and help us to understand Tourism as an International Phenomenon, as well as the Tourist product itself. We also discuss the political significance, educational significance, cultural significance and economic and social significance of Tourism. Defining Tourism In a project dealing with tourism, it is sensible to begin by defining Tourism, before we go on to examine the different forms which tourism can take and the statistics related to it. In fact, the task of defining tourism is not as easy as it may appear and can be rather confusing and complicated. While it is relatively easy to agree on technical definition of particular categories of tourism or tourist, the wider concept is ill-defined. Firstly, it is important to recognize that tourism is just one form of recreation, along with sports activities, hobbies and all of these are discretionary uses of our leisure time. Tourism usually incurs expenditure, although not necessarily so. A cyclist or a hiker, out for a camping week-end, carrying his own food, may contribute nothing to the tourism revenue of a region. Tourism is further defined as the movement of people away from their normal place of residence. But again, we must specify how far people must be expected to travel before they can be counted as tourists. One of the first attempts to define tourism was that of Professors Hunziker and Krapf of Berue University. They said that tourism should be defined as the sum of phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non ­residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity. This definit ­ion helps to distinguish tourism from migrating, but it makes the assumption that it must necessarily include both travel and stay, thus precluding day tours. The weakness of this definition is that it appears not to include business travel, because it is connected with an income activity, even if that income is not earned in the destination country. In 1937 the League of Nations recommended a definition of tourist as one who travels for a period of 24 hours or more in a country other than that in which he usually resides. This was held to include persons traveling for pleasure, domestic reasons or health, persons traveling to a meeting or on business and persons visiting a country on a cruise level (even if for less than 24 hours). The principle weakness here is that it ignores the movement of domestic tourism. At the United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism, held in Rome in 1963 they considered recommendations put forward by the IOUTO (now the World Tourist Organizations) and agreed to the term visitors to describe any person visiting a country other than that in which he has his usual place of residence, for any reason other than following an occupation, remunerated from within the country visited. This definition was to cover two types of visitors. Tourists who are classed as temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be classified as leisure (whether for recreation, health, sport, holiday, study or religion) or business, family, mission or meeting; Excursionists, who were classed as temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours, including cruise travelers but excluding travelers in transit. A working party for the proposed Institute of Tourism in Britain (now Tourism Society) attempted to clarify the concept and reported in 1976: Tourism is the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and activities during their stay at these destinations; it includes movement for all purposes, as well as day visits or excursions. This broader definition was reformulated slightly without losing any of its simplicity at the International Conference on Leisure Recreation Tourism, held by the Tourism Society in Cardiff in 1981: Tourism may be defined in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment. Tourism may or may not involve overnight stays away from home. Significance of Tourism Tourism brings together people of different countries and backgrounds, has a political significance, educational significance, cultural significance and economic and social significance. The degree of significance achieved depends on the opportunities offered to tourists to meet freely with nationals of the host countries and the ability to converse in the relevant languages. In the ideal situation, tourism enhances awareness, knowledge and ultimately under ­standing between people of different nationalities. The importance of tourism was underlined by the United Nations resolution that Tourism is a basic and most desirable human activity deserving the praise and encourage ­ment of all people and all governments. In creating a better appreciation of other peoples ways of life and institutions tourism may create goodwill for a country. Each year many tourists travel to participate in particular events ranging from congress to athletic events. Their visits also provide opportunities to improve co-operation as well as to project an image of a country to the outside world. When traveling away from home, tourists come into contact with the places they visit and with the people living there and social exchange takes place. Their presence and their social background affect the social structure and way of life at the destination. Tourists are in turn affected by the experience and often carry back home with them new habits and a new outlook on life. Tourism has an educational significance. In the widest sense it has altogether beneficial effects which bring con ­tact between people of different races and nationalities. In a narrower sense, much tourist activity takes the form of study trips and attendance at courses and conferences with specified educational aims in view. Tourism is often accompanied by cultural exchanges and by cultural enrichment of those who travel as well as those at the receiving end. Cultural factors attract tourists to destinations architecture, historical monuments and birthplaces of famous people- are some places visited by tourists; festivals and exhibitions rely heavily on visitor traffic for their audience and attendance. In bringing together people of different backgrounds from different countries it therefore has a political and social significance. But the manifold significance of tourism does not arise only when people visit other countries. Internal, domestic tourism promotes similar interaction, between people and places to that knowledge and awareness which may enhance understanding. The main economic significance of tourism thus money earned in places of normal residence is spent in places visited is common to all tourism, whether international or domestic. Each year vast sums of money are transferred from the economies in which they are earned, to economies in receiving areas where they provide a source of income, a means of livelihood and amenities for the resident population. The outstanding economic effect of tourism lies in the purchasing power generated in receiving areas through the expenditure of visitors who tend to spend at a much higher rate than when they are at home. The flow of money generated by tourist expend ­iture finds its way into the overall economy of the tourist destination as the money is turned over and re-spent. But international tourist expenditure introduces an additional aspect of economic significance as countries which are separate political and economic entities have to balance their transact ­ions with the rest of the world. International tourism, there ­fore, enters into the balance of payments accounts of individual countries and is of major significance in international trade for countries which generate tourist traffic, it represents an import in much the same way as do the importing of merchandise. For countries receiving tourist traffic, it represents an export in much the same way as do the exports of merchandise. Globally, tourism constitutes a major item in the world which has shown a much faster rate of growth in recent years than world trade in goods. Tourism as a source of employment is particularly important for areas with limited alternative sources of employ ­ment .as is often the case in non-industrial areas like Greece, deficiencies in natural resources other th an diverse and scenic attractions. In addition to being a source of income and employment, tourism is frequently a source of amenity for the resident population of the tourist destination. The provision of income, jobs, and amenities for the resident population may be regarded as the main three beneficial effects of tourism which applies to a greater or lesser extent to any tourist destination. They are of particular significance to developing countries like Greece and to rural regions of the country. In comparison with other forms of economic development an improvement in living standards may be generated through tourism and its expenditure relatively quickly. No sophisticated technology is required to establish the basic facilities. As much of the industry is labour-intensive, tourism can absorb unemployed labour resources, which is particularly valuable in areas with surplus unskilled labour. Many operational skills are relatively simple and can be rapidly developed by inhabitants. To say this, is not to minimize the amount and quality of planning required to establish a tourist industry in a new area but to indicate some of the advantages and attractions it may have as compared with other types of developments. The challenge is clear for a region to decide: Whether it wishes to become a tourist destination. How to maximize the economic and other advantages of tourism. How to manage the problems and changes from the growth and development of tourism. CHAPTER 2 GREEK TOURISM ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION The second chapter tries to analyze and appraise the current situation of the Greek tourist industry and in detail produce a statistical analysis which shows the market structure, the types of holidays, the holiday facilities and the different types of tourists in Greece. The statistical data that will be collected from the different sources is going to be analyzed in order to specify the characteristics of Greek tourism, and the preferences and particulars of the tourists. Further on in the project this data will be used in order to conduct a development plan for the Greek s tourism and a marketing analysis. Special attention will be given to the islands and coastal areas of Greece. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN GREECE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS In Greece the Tourism development started after the end of the Second World War. The tourism arrivals from 210.000 in 1956 were increased to 8.351.000 in 1988 and to 18,754,593 in 2007. The 85% of the tourism movement takes place on May-October while the full months, when the 50% of the tourists visits our country, are July, August and September which demonstrates intensively the seasonal characteristic of tourism in Greece. The specific data concern mainly coast areas and islands, which either are specialized in foreign tourism and possess big hotel units, or are specialized in local tourism, mainly under the form of summer residence. The visitors in Greece come mainly from Europe and especially, from countries of the European Union (Germans and British) and, in a smaller percentage, from N.America. Thus, we notice the dependence on the international tourism in our country. The main tourism destinations are: Rhodes, Corfu, Crete, Calchidiki, Mikonos and Santorini as well as Attica ( Athens) however lately there is a series of other smaller destinations. The large number of islands, the archaeological and historical sites in combination with the excellent weather conditions, constitutes some of the most important elements of Greek tourism, which have played a significant role in the countrys effort to attract more international tourists and establish Greece as a country unique in welcoming and providing hospitality services to them. However, all the elements of tourism mentioned above combined with establishments, infrastructure and an ideal picture of tourism in the country have certain vulnerable points, which should be attributed to the uncontrolled, unscheduled and sometimes anarchic tourism development of the country dating back to the 70s and early 80s. Despite all problems, however, tourism has managed to put Greece in the list of those host countries, which attract the greatest numbers of international tourists and receive the largest revenue from tourism while its contribution to the gross national product is approximately between and 10%, and to the domestic product approximately 14%. ECONOMIC AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK ISLANDS AND COASTAL AREAS Geographically, the numerous Greek islands have their own particular characteristics. It would be no exaggeration to support the view that insular Greece has a Polynesian character, since 20% of its ground consists of big, medium and small, developed or underdeveloped, inhabited or uninhabited islands. Greece has 227 inhabited islands in all, 164 of which are in the Aegean Sea. According to the official census of the National Statistical Organization of Greece, in 1991 only 78 of these islands were inhabited by more than 100 people and 1600 Km coastal line. Despite the fact that there has recently been a growing concern about the economic development and modernization of the countrys regions, it cannot be supported that considerable accomplishments have been made toward that direction. Especially as concerns the islands, it should be pointed out that the effort for their economic development and growth has always focused on tourism, mainly due to an inability to expand present economic activities or develop new ones. The Greek islands of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea and the coastal line areas have undoubtedly set quite significant tourism goals and are greatly attractive to tourists. The tourism development on those areas is of two kinds, there are those , such as Crete, Rhodes, Chalkidiki and Corfu, which seek to attract tourists, package tour buyers, and others which seek to attract individual tourists, non package tour buyers, travelling usually from one island to the next, from one place to an other. There are Greek islands, which have achieved both economic and tourism development faster than others. Most of them are part of an insular complex and, naturally, income per capita and therefore the standard of living of the inhabitants is higher compared to other islands. Generally speaking, tourism in most Greek islands is a developing economic activity, and those involved directly or indirectly in the production and promotion of tourism goods and services, i.e. tourism demand, take advantage of it. However, apart from tourism, certain islands have developed other economic activities equally well. That means tourism on those islands has not been developed unilaterally against other economic activities, but in a balanced and harmonious way. Undoubtedly most of the Greek islands should develop new economic activities wherever possible, as well as alternative forms of tourism, which can contribute to strengthening their economies and generally to a further economic development and evolution. Those islands, however, which have a limited economic activity and no possibility of development or expansion, should focus on a tourism development within their limits. To achieve this, however, certain prerequisites will have to be set. In other words, what they need is the necessary tourism infrastructure and superstructure, and then they will have to choose the right alternative form of tourism development. GREEK TOURISM STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS General Tourism Characteristics analysis Entry Points analysis The statistical data by G.N.T.O (Greek National Tourist Organization) was carried out at the Greek airports (Athens, zakynthos, Iraklio, Thessalonica, Kavala, Kerkyra, Kefallinia, Kos, Mykonos, Rodos, Samos, Thira, Skiathos, Chania, Other Places), the Greek seaport (Elefsina, Igoumenitsa, Iraklio, Thessaloniki, Kerkyra, Patra, Rodos, Pireas, Other Places), the road crossing points (Doirani Kilkis, Evzoni- Kilkis, Kakavia -Ioannina, Kastaneae -Evros, Kipi- Evros, Krystallopogi Florina, Niki- Florina, Ormenio Evros, Promachon- Serres, Sagiada Thesprotia) and the train stations(Dikea Evros, Idomeni- Kilkis, Promachon- Serres, Pythio- Evros) . In this way, the survey covered all those tourist who came to the country by air, by sea, by train and by road. Of the total tourist in 20007 68,51% (in 2006 71.76%) came by plane, 24,86% (in 2006 21,45) by road, 6,09 (in 2006 6,30) by boat and the remaining 0,54% (in 2006 0,49) by train. The airports of Athens and Iraklion showed the greatest amount of traffic (22,10% and 11,91% respectively). Next in order of magnitude were Rhodes (7,91%) and Corfu (4,79%). Foreign tourists by nationality and country of permanent residence analysis Arrivals from Europe, which holds the biggest share of the tourist market (92.7%), showed an increase by 9.9% in comparison with 2006. Arrivals from the European Union increased by 20%. This growth arises from the fact that the total of the European Union includes for 2007, the two member states, Bulgaria and Romania. The majority of foreigners, who are EU citizens, like 2006, came from the UK (15%), Germany (12.9%) and Italy (6.6%). In comparison with the previous year and taking into account the share they hold in the total arrivals, the highest increase is presented in the two members, Bulgaria (62.4%) and Romania (83.1%). Concerning the other European Union countries, there are some minor changes in Germany and UK, a remarkable increase by 5.9% in Netherlands and a reduction by 2.6% in Italy. In the other continents there is a significant increase in the countries of America (12.9%) and remarkable reductions in Asia (-6.1%), Africa (-9.3%) and Oceania (-6.1%). Purpose of visits (Principal reason) analysis Holidays, business or visiting friends and/or relatives are the main factors which decisively influence the decision of travel. The survey data suggests that 83% of tourists came to Greece just for holidays. With regard to the nationality of those who declared holiday the data attributed the highest percentage to the Norwegians (92%) followed by the Austrians (91%), the Swiss and the British (89%), the Dutch (83%) and so on. Business as an exclusive reason for visiting Greece accounted for only 7%-of all respondents. Visiting relatives or a combination of holidays and visiting relatives were reasons cited mostly by Americans, (8%) and Australians (7%) and more specifically persons of Greek origin who come to spend their holiday and at the same time visiting their relatives. Type of accommodation analysis The survey showed that 63% of all tourists stayed in hotel-type accommodation (this included apartments). 29% in villas, rented rooms and campsites, 4% with friends and relatives and the remaining 3% in other places (ship, under the stars, etc. etc,) and 1% were transit passengers. Foreigners preferences with regard to class of hotel showed 33% opting for luxury (five star and ? class hotels), approximately 30% for intermediate class hotels and the remainder for lower class hotels. In terms of nationality, 58% of the British stayed in hotels and the rest in villas, rented rooms and campsites. Of the British who stayed in hotels, 32% chose luxury and A class hotels and 26% chose intermediate class hotels. A significant percentage 13%) stayed in furnished apartments while 10% plumped for villa and country houses. Average duration of stay analysis In calculating the length of stay in Greece we took into consideration the tourists dates of arrivals and departures. An analysis of the relevant data showed that the largest percentage of tourists (35%) stayed in Greece for between 11 and 14 days, whereas 18% stayed for 15 to 21 days, 36% for less than 10 days and the remaining 11% for more than 22 days. From this distribution we calculated that the average length of stay in each phase of the survey was I4 days. The average duration of stay has risen by approximately 1.5 days over the last 6 years. This is because over this time period the number of tourists arriving on charter flights has increased and most of them stay for more than 13 days. The length of stay varied according to nationality, thus 53% of British, 48 of Norwegians, 47% of Swiss and 38% of Germans stayed in Greece for approximately 2 weeks. Average expenditure per person in â‚ ¬ analysis During his stay in Greece, according to statistics from the Bank of Greece, each foreigner spends an average of 74,3â‚ ¬ per day and 847,3â‚ ¬ per stay. It is interesting to look at the average daily expend ­iture by nationality. Below, I present the percentage of the various nationalities per category of average daily expenditure and expenditure per stay. TOURISTS CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS Sex and age analysis The distribution by gender of the surveys respondents showed 9% imbalance in favors of the men. Thus, out of the total number of respondents, 54 ·5% were male and 45.5% female. The distribution by age statistics shows the 16-25 and the 26-40 age brackets predominating with 32% and 38% respectively. The distribution by gender and age produced a different picture, 41% of male respondents were in the 26-40 age bracket, whereas 30% were aged 41 to 65. Conversely, 33% of women were between 16 and 25 years of age, while 36% were between 26 and 40 years. Male tourists from the following- countries outnumbered their distaff compatriots by the following ratios: Yugoslavs: 77.3 : 32.7 Dutch: 57 ·3 : 42.7 Austrians: 57.2 : 42.8 Italians: 55-3 : 46.6 British : 55.1 : 44 ·9 Germany: 55.1 : 44.9 Occupational Grouping analysis In the analysis of the occupation groupings, use was made of the international double digit coding system to identify particular types of occupations. More specifically, the following occupational groupings were used: Groups Occupation 0 Engineers, Chemists, Teachers, Agronomists, Doctors, Lawyers, Economists,  ·Accountants, Journalists, Artist (Commercial, applied and fine arts). 1 Managers and Senior Cadres (In public authority organizations and businesses). 2 Office employees (In the Civil Service organizations and businesses) . 3 Traders and sales people. 4 Students 5 Unspecified professions. 6 Those engaged in the communications sectors (Seamen, Airline personnel, road and rail transport workers, Post Office and telephone workers, etc., etc.) 7 Craftsmen (and blue collar workers). 8 Those employed in the service industries (Barbers, photographers, hotel staff, etc.) 9 Other unclassifiable occupations (Armed Forces, etc) 37% of the British tourists fall into Group ? (Engineers and professionals) and 14% into Group 4 (Students). This means that more than half of the total number of tourists visiting Greece belongs to the occupational grouping with an above-average level of culture. Group 2 members (Office employees) also accounted for a significant part (14%) of all tourists. The remaining occupational groupings represented 35% of the total and their distribution was virtually uniform. Tourist preferences by occupation and type and class of accommodation analysis The results of the survey showed 37% of the managerial class stayed in four star hotels, whereas 21% stayed in five star hotels. Students, not unexpectedly, showed a marked preference (39%) for pensions, hostels, boarding houses, rented rooms and campsites. A Class hotels absorbed 33% of those respondents who did not specify professions (groups) and 28% of trade and sales people. 34% of office staff, craftsmen and laborers stayed in intermediate class accommodation, whereas the respective figure for those in the engineering sector, the professional and the Civil Service was 31%. Of the self-employed, 7% stayed with friends and relatives, while 5% of those engaged in the transport and accommodation industry stayed in other forms of lodging (ships, etc.) Cost of stay analysis More than half (55%) of all the tourists polled come to Greece on a packaged holiday. 66% of the British asked to comment on the cost of their stay in Greece found it reasonable and within their budget, 25% thought it low (cheap) and only 5% found it high (expensive). Reasons for choosing Greece as a holiday destination analysis The climate and the classical sights were the principal reasons (75%) given by British queried for choosing Greece for a holiday. Publicity media and other factors influencing tourists choice of Greece on their first visit analysis An analysis of the data shows that 32% of the tourists visiting Greece for the first time acquired information on .the country from friends and relatives. This conclusion is particularly significant as it shows that a large proportion of first-time visitors to Greece go home satisfied and recommend Greece as an ideal holiday destination to their friends and relatives. The second most important source of information was travel agents, who influenced 40% of the British. Publicity (Newspapers, magazines, radio, Internet etc.) acquainted 49% of all British with Greece, other sources (Posters, books etc.) accounted for 7% · Finally, 17% had heard about Greece from more than one source (e.g., friends, internet and media). Places visited and stayed at analysis The statistics say, 33% stayed in the greater Athens area, (Athens, Piraeus, Attica coasts, Saronic Gulf Island). Other main areas of preference were Rhodes (25%), Crete (21%) the Peloponnesian and Ionian Islands (Corfu excepted) 17%. The Cyclades 14% and Corfu 14%. The favorite destinations of the British continues to be Corfu (40%) followed by Rhodes (26%), Crete (19%) and the Athens region (15%). Tourist Mobility within Greece analysis As regards tourist mobility during the period of the survey, the following was observed: Every tourist polled on average visited and stayed in 1.5 places. More specifically 66% of the tourists visited and stayed in only one area, 19% stayed in two and the remaining 15% in three and more than three areas. In terms of nationality, 87% of the British stayed in one area. This virtual immobility on the part of the British is due to the fact that as the majority of British holiday makers come to Greece on organized charter flights, they do not stay far from their resort area. Following the British in the immobility stakes are the Japanese (85%) the Norwegians and the Swedes (84%), the Yugoslavs (77%) and the Austrians with (72%). Finally, more than one area was visited by the Spaniards (72%), the Canadians (70%), the Americans (64%), the French (62%

Difficulities in the Play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Ess

Difficulities in the Play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry In the four years between 1861 and 1865 this country was in civil war over the rights and freedom of blacks in America. When all was said and done, the blacks won their freedom and gained several rights that would make their lives better. Nearly one hundred years later, in 1959, Lorraine Hansberry wrote her great play, A Raisin in the Sun. It described the everyday life of a black family in the Southside of Chicago sometime after World War II. Throughout the play, Hansberry talks of the difficulties that the Younger family faces trying to get from one day to another; the problems that should have been resolved by the Civil War. Even after the Civil War and this play, many of these problems still exist today. The first difficulty that the Younger family faces is poor housing. The play starts off in a small two bedroom apartment with Ruth waking up her son, Travis, who sleeps on the couch in the living room. He sleeps on the couch because one bedroom is used by Ruth and Walter and the other by Mama and Beneatha. Every morning they wake up early so they can get to the one bathroom that is shared by all of the other families that live in the complex. When Mama talks about putting a down payment on a new house, Ruth says, ?Well, Lord knows, we?ve put enough rent into this here rat trap to pay for four houses by now? (p. 1817). When she says rat trap you would naturally think of some of the houses today with boarded up or broken windows, unattended yards, and streets that are covered with potholes. But in the movie, it is nothing like that. The movie depicts the apartment in a very livable way. You can say they made the best of a bad situation. T... ... over this and it was decided by the Civil War the blacks should have their freedom as ?full? American citizens. When will we be able to live as one community? ?The history must be taught, and if not in schools then at home. But that won?t or can?t be done until our home life, our families, get back on track. Its a vicious cycle. We still have a long, long way to go.? (Lee p. xivii) Bibliography: Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Norton Introduction to Literature: 7th edition. Ed. Jerome Beaty, et al. New York: Norton, 1998. Lee, Spike. ?Commentary: Thoughts on the Screenplay.? A Raisin in the Sun: Original Screenplay. London: Penguin, 1992 Wilkerson, Margaret. ?Introduction.? A Raisin in the Sun: Original Screenplay. London: Penguin, 1992 X, Malcolm. The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As told to Alex Haley. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992

Hello My Name Is Andrea

Don't drop from six to fire-day delivery; go the other way' (Source A). Adding new services to the postal service can increase numbers of clients and also money. Some may think the USPS will lose money but answer this question, â€Å"who would want poor mail service? † no one, that is why USPS should ass effort to improve experience for the customers. â€Å"It seems counterintuitive to add service when you're losing money, but people have less that in the system precisely because of spotty service†(Source A).Including finer service will increase new clients and money. Canceling delivery days on Saturdays is thought to be a good strategy to save money for the USPS. â€Å"Eliminating Saturday mail delivery would save $40 billion over a decade† (Source F). This sentence displays that improving mail services with strategic procedures will boost up financially the USPS. Mimi don't need a full service post office every few blocks in New York, for example. Some centers could be for letters only, others for packages.That way you cut down on staff size and service required to and from each. † USPS not hiring people is a good strategy to save money while still delivering mail to its members. Great strategies will help USPS own budget while having satisfying the customers. Instead of cutting back service and losing money, USPS updating new guidelines will increase mail services. Eliminating mail on certain days will save money and at the same time deliver great service to the customer.

Intelligent Design Versus Evolution

Intelligent Design Versus Evolution Teaching intelligent design or creationism in public schools has been acontroversial subject for the past century in the United States. Many people believe thatonly the evolution theory should be taught. Intelligent design should not be taught inpublic schools because it is not based on evidence. Learning creationism in school willbreak the law, harm science and harm students learning about science.Teaching intelligent design in public schools will break the law. The firstamendment states that Congress is prohibited to make any law respecting anestablishment of religion; therefore, you cannot teach creationism in schools. There havebeen many cases of schools breaking laws in order to teach creationism; if the schoolsdon't want to break the law then they shouldn't teach intelligent design to their students.Intelligent shouldn't be taught in public schools because it is religious and is notpractical for daily life. Intelligent design is the belief that a supernatural intelligence hascr eated the universe and humankind. The definition of evolution is that a developmentalprocess in which an organ or organism becomes more and more complex bydifferentiation of its parts. Evidence has shown that an animal that has stronger genes tosurvive in their environment can live longer than other animals that don't have the genes.After a while, the animals that lived on will sometimes develop certain characteristics ontheir bodies, which could make it easier and better for fitting to their environment.Intelligent design is only a belief that the world today was created for a reason andeverything that we see was designed for a purpose. Most schools today only teach theevolution theory which makes it more practical for daily life. Most people also believethe evolution theory. The US News and World Report has made a...The ligne is still used by French and Swiss watchm...

What Should High School Students Do Over the Summer

What Should High School Students Do Over the Summer SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you a high school student or the parent of one and are wondering how high school students should spend their summers?Summer is a great time to relax and recharge, but it’s also an excellent chance for students to get work experience, do an activity they enjoy, and boost their chances of getting into a top college. Read on for everything you need to know about summeractivities for high school students and how to choose the best option. Why Is It Important for High School Students to Keep Busy Over the Summer? While you may want to spend your entire summer sleeping in and hanging out with friends, it’s important also to spend part of the time being productive and preparing for your future. Participating in an activity over the summer can help you get a great job or get accepted to a top college in the future, and being productive over the summer doesn’t have to take up all your time or be boring! Colleges and employers love seeing applicants who are motivated and interested in learning more. By keeping busy over the summer, you'll show them that you have what it takes to be a great addition to their school or workplace. There are a lot of ways high school students can spend their summer; read on to learn what your options are and how you can choose an activity that you will find useful as well as enjoyable. How Can You Decide What to Do Over the Summer? You probably have a lot of options for how you can spend your summer: you could lifeguard at your local pool, take some summer classes, attend a summer camp near you or in a foreign country, and more. How can you decide whatyou should do? Read through the list below and ask yourself these three questions: #1: What Are Your Goals for the Future? Do you want to get a good job? Get into a dream college? Think about ways you can spend your time over the summer to make yourself a strong candidate. Will getting work experience help? You may want to consider a job or internship. Are there classes you can take to strengthen your transcript? Summer schoolmay be a good idea. #2: What Do You Enjoy Doing? You shouldn’t spend your summer doing something that makes you miserable. Are there certain extracurriculars, such as a club or sport, that you enjoy and want to continue over the summer? Is there a summer job that sounds interesting or fun? Try to find activities that will be both useful and enjoyable for you. #3: How Busy Do You Want to Be? It’s absolutely possible to do more than one of these activities during the summer. If there are multiple activities you’d like to do, feel free to do them. However, make sure you don’t become too busy or overwhelm yourself. Remember, summer is still about taking a break from school, and you don’t want to return to classes in the fall feeling burnt out and exhausted. Whileit may be great for your tan, youdon't want to spend allsummer lounging at the pool. 6 Great Summer Activities for High School Students Below are six of the best activities high school students can participate in over the summer. For each one, potential benefits and drawbacks are given, as well as examples and ways to get more information. Under the â€Å"How to Stand Out† heading, I’ve also included ways to make this activity particularly impressive to colleges and employers. Job Description: It’s common for high school students to work over the summer. Having a job is a great way to get work experience that you can include on your resume and college applications, and it will earn you money that you can use to help pay for college or just for fun. Many summer jobs for high school students are part-time, but full-time jobs are also available, especially if you’ve already worked at that place before. Common summer jobs that high school students have include being a lifeguard, cashier, or camp counselor. Pros:Make money, gain work experience for your resume and college applications. Cons: Some high school jobs can be tedious and not very interesting, your job may not relate to the career you want. Learn More: To learn more about jobs high school studentscan get, read our guide on the eight best jobs for teenagers,as well as this guide that will help you decide if getting a job is a good decision for you. How to Stand Out: Like any other activity, your job will impress colleges more if you stick with it and increase your responsibilities. If you can work at the same job over multiple summers and get promoted or have your responsibilities increased, that will make the job look stronger on your college applications. If you are able to find a summer job that relates to a subjectyou want to study in college or get a future job in, that will also help show colleges what your interests are and that you can commit to them. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Internship Description: Like a job, an internship involves working for a company or organization. However, internships are often more closely related to your career interests, and you may not always get paid to be an intern, especially as a high school student. If there’s a place you’d be interested in working at or learning more about, you can contact them directly and ask if they hire interns. Your high school’s career center will also likely have more information about internships you can apply for. Pros:Gain work experience,learn more about careers you may be interested in. Cons:You may not make money,some internships involve mostly grunt work that doesn’t teach you a lot about the specific career field. Learn More: For everything you need to know about getting and doing well at an internship, check out our guide. How to Stand Out: If you can get an internship that relates to a future career you’d like to have or subject you’d like to study, that will show colleges that you have a realinterest in that field. Schools like students who are passionate about something, and showing your passion in your internship will help boost your application. For example, if you are planning on majoring in English, getting an internship at a publishing company or newspaper, along with strong English classes and related extracurriculars, can show schools that you’re serious aboutthat fieldand motivated to learnmore about it. Schools will see that as an indicator that you’ll be similarly dedicated to your college classes and activities. Classes Description: Taking classes may not be the most fun way to spend your summer, but they can help you stay on track in high school and prepare you for college. Some students take summer classes to improve their grades in a class they didn’t do well in the first time, some do it to take a class they wouldn’t have time for during the school year, and some use summer classes as a way to take college courses or advanced high school classes. Summer classes can be taken in a variety of ways, either through your high school, at a community college, through an academic program at universities, or even online. Pros: Strengthen your transcript, take classes you’re interested in, can help prepare you for college. Cons: Might be harder to motivate yourself to study during the summer, not the most enjoyable way to spend the summer. Learn More:For more information, check out our guide to summer classes for high school students.We also have guides for severaluniversityacademic programs, including Stanford EPGY, the Boston University Summer Challenge, and the National Youth Leadership Forum. How to Stand Out: If you’re able to, taking college classes over the summer can be a great way to become a stronger applicant. Having college classes on your transcript, even if they are only introductory classes at a community college, can boost your application by showing schools that you’re able to handle the rigor and workload of college. This is an especially good option if your high school doesn’t offer a lot of advanced classes and you want to strengthen your transcript. Hobbies or Talents Description: This is a broad category that can includesports, clubs, or other activities that you do either through school, with a local group, or on your own. Some examples include sports teams, clubs, or a hobby you do in your free time, such as painting, working on computers, or creating a small business. Colleges and employers like to see applicants who have outside interests and can commit themselves to a particular activity. Continuing your hobbyduring the summer is a great way to show that. Because you don’t have classes to attend, summer is an excellenttime to spend more time participating in an activityyou enjoy.Use this time to think about how you can become better at the activity or increaseits impact. For example, if you love baking, is there a way you can expand that hobby? Perhaps you could take a pastry course, have community bake sales, see if local bakeries are interested in working with you, or something similar.If you do your hobby with a group, such as a school club or sports team, and they don't meet over the summer, you can still become better at it by practicing on your own or joining a community group, if one exists. Pros:Can do an activity you enjoy, possibly move into a leadership position, show colleges that you can commit to an activity and have interests outside the classroom. Cons:This may not be the best way to strengthen your resume or college application if you don’t plan on continuing the activity throughout high school or aren’t spending a lot of time on it. Learn More: If you need help deciding which activityto pursue, check out this guide tohundreds of extracurricular examples.We also have a guide to starting a new club if your school doesn't offer an activity that you're interested in. How to Stand Out: Your hobby or talentwill be most impressive to colleges if you have participated in it for an extended time period, have achieved a leadership position or more responsibility, and arepassionate about it. For more information on how to do this, check out this guide with four examples of amazing extracurriculars. Summer can be a great time to get better at a sport or other activity you enjoy doing. Summer Camp Description: Summer camps aren’t just for making s'mores and going on nature hikes anymore. More and more summer camps for high school students are being created that have unique focuses such as cultural immersion, performing arts, wilderness skills, and more. For this article, summer camps differ from regular extracurriculars because, even if they focus on the same area such as a sport, camps offer a more intensive, structured experience over a set period of time. Many students attend these programs to learn new skills or improve skills they already have. For example, if you want to get better at a certain sport or start to learn a new language, a summer camp can help you immerse yourself in that subject and really focus on learning it since there are fewer distractions, and you’ll be surrounded by people with similar goals. Participants may receive academic credit if they attend a program that includes coursework. Most of these programs are in the US, but there is a growing number of international summer camps for high school students. Pros: Can give you a unique experience, you may get the chance to travel, can focus on a skill or topic that’s important to you, chance of getting college credit. Cons: Can be expensive, the number of academic credits you receive is usually not very much, you may get homesick if it’s a sleep-awaycamp, some programs are poorly put together and may not be very beneficial or enjoyable. Learn More: Check out our guides for sports camps, medical programs, and study abroad programs to learn more about someof these opportunities. How to Stand Out: Summer camps can vary widely in terms of quality and the activities that participants do, so it’s important to research a program before you enroll in it. Look for programs that reflect your interests, whether academic or otherwise. For example, if you want to be a doctor,try to find a science-based summer camp or a program that lets you learn more about what it’s like to study and practice medicine. This will help show colleges that you take your career path seriously and are genuinely interested in learning more about it. Volunteering Description: Volunteering is when you do work that benefits others without receiving payment. There are many places where you can volunteer including schools, animal shelters, retirement homes, museums, and more. Most volunteer work is done near where you live, but there are also opportunities to do volunteer work abroad during the summer. This can be donethrough your school, place of worship, or an organization that offers these programs. In addition to the benefit of helping others, it’s often possible to choose volunteer work that relates to your interests. If you enjoy working with children, love spending time with animals, or want to work outside, you can often find a volunteer opportunity that allows you to do just that. Pros:Knowledge that you’re helping others,can include it on resumes and college applications,may be able to volunteer at a place where you’d like to work in the future,can fulfill a volunteer requirement if your high school has one. Cons:You won’t get paid,some volunteer work can be repetitive and tedious. Learn More: Learn about the nine best places to do community service as well as the best volunteer abroad programs. We also have a guide specifically for students trying to decide if they should attend a volunteer abroad program. How to Stand Out: Just completing a few hours of volunteer work won’t impress colleges very much. In order to make your volunteer work stand out, you’ll have to work at the same place over a long period of time, obtain a leadership position, and make your passion and interests clear. Check out this guide for a more in-depth look at how to make your volunteer work impressive. Summary It’s important that high school students spend part of their summer actively working or learning in order to bewell prepared for the future. Fortunately, there are many activities to participate in over the summer that will fit your interests and circumstances. Think about what you enjoy, what you could improve in, and what your goals for the future are in order to decide what to do over the summer. Regardless of the activity you choose to participate in, you can make it more impressive to colleges by connecting it to your interests, gaining new responsibilities, and sticking with it for the long term. What's Next? Want to know how to make your extracurricular stand out even more? Check out this guide to four amazing extracurricular activities and learn why they're so impressive to colleges. Wondering when to start applying to colleges? We have a guide that will give you a complete college application timeline to follow to make sure you're on track! Thinking about summer school?Our guide explains what summer school is, what you'll be doing, and who should be enrolling in it. Summer school has more uses than you may think! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Joan Benoit - Marathon Runner

Joan Benoit - Marathon Runner Joan Benoit Facts: Known for: winning Boston Marathon (twice), womens marathon at 1984 OlympicsDates: May 16, 1957 -Sport: track and field, marathonCountry Represented: USAAlso known as: Joan Benoit Samuelson Olympic Gold Medal: 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, womens marathon. Notable especially because: it was the first time the modern Olympics games included a marathon for womenBenoit had knee surgery 17 days before the eventshe beat the reigning womens world champion, Grete Waitzher time was the third best ever for a woman Boston Marathon Wins: First place 1979: time 2:35:15Won 1983 Boston Marathon: time 2:22:42 Joan Benoit Biography: Joan Benoit started running when, at fifteen, she broke a leg skiing, and used running as her rehabilitation. In high school she was a successful competitive runner. She continued with track and field in college, Title IX giving her more opportunities for college sports than she might otherwise have had. Boston Marathons Still in college, Joan Benoit entered the Boston Marathon in 1979. She got caught in traffic on the way to the race, and ran two miles to get to the starting point before the race began. Despite that extra running, and starting at the back of the pack, she pulled ahead and won the marathon, with a time of 2:35:15. She returned to Maine to finish her last year of college, and attempted to avoid the publicity and interviews that she disliked so much. Beginning in 1981, she coached at Boston University. In December of 1981, Benoit had surgery on both Achilles tendons, to try to cure recurring heel pain. The following September, she won a New England marathon with a time of 2:26:11, a record for women, beating a previous record by 2 minutes. In April of 1983, she entered the Boston Marathon again. Grete Waitz had set a new world record for women the day before at 2:25:29. Allison Roe of New Zealand was expected to win; she had come in first among the women in the 1981 Boston Marathon. The day provided excellent weather for running. Roe dropped out because of leg cramps, and Joan Benoit beat Waitz record by more than 2 minutes, at 2:22:42. This was good enough to qualify her for the Olympics. Still shy, she was gradually getting used to the inevitability of publicity. A challenge was raised to Benoits marathon record: it was claimed that she had an unfair advantage from pacing, because mens marathon runner Kevin Ryan ran with her for 20 miles. The records committee decided to let her record stand. Olympic Marathon Benoit began training for the Olympics trials, which would be held on May 12, 1984. But in March, her knee gave her problems which an attempt at rest did not solve. She tried an anti-inflammation drug, but that also did not resolve the knee problems. Finally, on April 25, she had arthroscopic surgery on her right knee. Four days after surgery, she began running, and on May 3, ran for 17 miles. She had more problems with her right knee and, from compensating for that knee, her left hamstring, but she ran in the Olympic trials anyway. By mile 17, Benoit was in the lead, and though her legs continued to be tight and painful for the last miles, she came in first at 2:31:04, and so despite being just weeks out of surgery qualified for the Olympics. She trained over the summer, usually in the heat of the day anticipating a hot run in Los Angeles. Grete Waitz was the expected winner, and Benoit aimed to beat her. The first womens marathon at a modern Olympics was held August 5, 1984. Benoit sped up early, and no one else could overtake her. She finished at 2:24:52, the third best time for a womens marathon and the best in any all-women marathon. Waitz won the silver medal, and Rosa Mota of Portugal won the bronze. After the Olympics In September she married Scott Samuelson, her college sweetheart. She continued to try to avoid publicity. She ran the Americas Marathon in Chicago in 1985, with a time of 2:21:21. In 1987, she ran the Boston Marathon again this time she was three months pregnant with her first child. Mota took first. Benoit didnt participate in the 1988 Olympics, focusing instead on parenting her new infant. She did run the 1989 Boston Marathon, coming in 9th among the women. In 1991, she again ran the Boston Marathon, coming in 4th among the women. In 1991, Benoit was diagnosed with asthma, and back problems kept her from the 1992 Olympics. She was by then the mother of a second child In 1994, Benoit won the Chicago Marathon in 2:37:09, qualifying for the Olympic trials. She placed 13th in the trials for the 1996 Olympics, with a time of 2:36:54. In the trials for the 2000 Olympics, Benoit placed ninth, at 2:39:59. Joan Benoit has raised money for the Special Olympics, Bsotons Big Sisters program and for multiple sclerosis. She has also been one of the runners voices on the Nike running system. More Awards: Ms. Magazine Woman of the Year 1984Amateur Sportswoman of the Year 1984 (shared award), from the Womens Sports FederationSullivan Award, 1986, from the Amateur Athletic Union, for best amateur athlete Education: public high school, MaineBowdoin College, Maine: graduated 1979graduate school: North Carolina State University Background, Family: Mother: Nancy BenoitFather: Andre Benoit Marriage, Children: husband: Scott Samuelson (married September 29, 1984)children: Abigail and Anders

Engineering design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Engineering design - Assignment Example Additionally, the implication takes note of the risk level that is associated with the established significant parameters (Budd, 2006). From the questionnaire generated, the customer requirement for key ring torch includes a metal shell body having different colors, 58 by 20 MM size, LED light for lighting, nice color, and 4pc button cells that are included on the key ring. I used the questionnaire over the other methodologies because the responses are collected in a standardized manner; therefore, this method is more objective, certainly more than the Focus Group Discussion and Interviews. Generally, the method is relatively faster in collecting information than the interviews and the FDG. However, in some cases the method took a longer time to develop, apply and to analyze. Additionally, the information can be easily collected from a larger group portion. The potential is not always realized because the questionnaire returns are usually very low. However, the rates of return can be improved ones the questionnaire is responded and delivered on time. The questions in the questionnaire are outlined in the appendices (Cather, 2001). . Design Parameters Some of the design parameters for the keyring torch include type of material body color of the keyring torch Led lights Switch battery size packing mechanism flash mode Charge lead time. Using a Focus Group Discussion, the major design parameters include the material used, the body color, and the charge lead time on that order. Some of the key features of Key ring torch include the unbreakable LED light, a lithium batters having a shelf life of one year, burn time of over ten hours, the lay on the chain of the key, and small and lightweight. Some of the application of the key ring include the lighting for driver, emergency for office and home, chart reading for the pilots and astronomers, and outdoor tasks like hunting, camping, and fishing. The key ring torches are bright idea for promoting a company. The customer key ring can be customized with a company’s logo or even the message. From the Focus Group Discussion it was evident that the clients preferred aluminum alloy material, blue, pink, red, and silver body color. The brightness for the LED light is 13000mcd, a button switch, a battery of 3*LR44, a size of 58*20MM, key ring flash mode, and the charging leading time of five to seven days. The clients required the packing to be in an inner box of 500 pieces, with cumulative weight of 12.5 Kg. FDG conducted is outlined in the appendices Design Specification Name Parameter Specification Features Body color Blue, Pink, Silver, Green, and red painting Material Aluminum alloy Switch Button LED Lights Brightness of 13000mcd Size 58 by 20 MM Battery 3*LR44 Packing 1 piece/OPP, 100pcs/CTN, NW 12.g Kg Charge Lead time 5-7 days Flash mode Key ting Details of Packing Packing Inner Packing Outer Packing Meas G/N.w 1 pcs/ bag 100 pieces /inner box 500 pieces per Carton 32*23*24cm 13.5/ 12.5 Kg Design Specification and the customer requirement The design is based on the outlined specification. The reliability requirement of the key ring torch was part of the technical specification document. The company set the requirement for the key ring torch. The reliability of the product is not easy to specify. It is very easy to use the qualitative language like the needs of the product needs to exceed the expectation of the client. The key ring torc

Mitt Romney is the Best Choice for the Republican Nomination (2011) Research Paper

Mitt Romney is the Best Choice for the Republican Nomination (2011) - Research Paper Example Now he stands as a candidate for the Republican nomination to become President of the United States. This paper will identify qualities which best qualify him for this nomination, as well as qualities which might raise a question mark in the minds of the American public. Rivals for the nomination will be briefly considered. The central thesis of this paper is that Mitt Romney is, in fact, the best choice for the Republican nomination. America is in need of strong leadership, solid financial management, and thorough analysis of all sides of a variety of social, health, educational, economic, military, and moral issues which currently foster so much conflict domestically and internationally. Leadership is critical because it can lead to unity (collective identity and authentic negotiation) and survival (safety and prosperity). Solid financial management is critical because the economy is in bad shape; the national deficit is embarrassing; and in the course of meeting political prioriti es, families are homeless, freezing and starving on the streets. Analytic skills are vital in order to sort through competing priorities, introduce creative solutions which represent the interests of the people in a fair manner, and develop a strong base for success. Supporters and critics of Romney have identified him as a person with strong leadership skills. Hewitt asserts that Romney, a moderate, has â€Å"talent for politics and leadership,† beyond that of other politicians (4). Warring factions in the bipartisan political arena need an inspiring and influential leader, with the ability to unite opposing forces toward mutually beneficial goals. Mitt’s leadership ability is demonstrated in his distinguished accomplishments in private and public sectors. He redeemed the morale and credibility of the Salt Lake Olympics, in his capacity as event organizer. He garnered support from the public sector, private entities, and athletes, correcting past distortions in Salt L ake leadership (Westerbeek and Smith 44). Leadership is tested when there is a crisis, requiring quick analysis and resolution. Mitt’s ability to negotiate bipartisan concerns and influence the government was exhibited when he signed the bill for reformation of health care in Massachusetts (Foer 133). Mitt Romney’s formal education in management was acquired at Stanford University (two semesters), Brigham Young University (BA) and Harvard Law School (graduated Cum Laude) (Algiere 105). His management skills were further developed when he entered the Boston Consulting Group, and were polished as Vice President of Bain & Company and co-founder of Bain Capital (Algiere 105). Romney saved the shrinking company from bankruptcy, without employee dismissal. He compiled a profit of over $100 million during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. He has a reputation for having a strong work ethic. Consequently, public and private sectors trust him, making fundraising successful (Algiere 106). The USA suffers from a significant budget deficit, due to government spending. If Romney is chosen for the Republican nomination, his strategic skills in business and financial management will help to regain what has been lost. During his 2008 campaign, Romney stressed that he can â€Å"balance the State’s out-of-control budget and attract new business to revive the economy† (Foer 133). All kinds of empty promises are made by politicians, but Romney’s past success justifies public confidence in the veracity

History and Organizations of Project Management Essay

History and Organizations of Project Management - Essay Example How did the PM go from 0 to the speed of light in the last few years? Well, technology has surely paved the way, but cooperation among PMs has been the key to understanding the critical need to communicate and integrate work across multiple departments and professions. One of the earliest uses of technology in the field of PM was the introduction of the Gantt Chart. This simple visual aid was introduced in 1917 while Henry Gantt studied the management of Navy ship construction during WWI (The history of project management). Gantt charts, still used today, were complete with task bars and milestone markers and were useful in the scheduling of project duration and manpower. Gantt charts remained a powerful mainstay of the PM profession and according to The history of project management have, "[...] remained virtually unchanged for nearly a hundred years.". Yet, throughout this period some other innovations were taking place. During the 1950s, the Cold War military was making huge demands on technology. Admiral Raborn of the U.S. Navy was responsible for getting the Polaris Missile program operational as quickly as possible (Theory of constraints, 2006). They turned to a man named Williard Fazar and with his help, they developed the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). PERT was an improvement on an earlier system called CPM that failed to manage random time variations that were critical to the Navy. PERT improvement was able to account for these complex variables and became a network model that allowed for randomness in activity completion times (PERT Chart, 2006). The next four decades were a little boring for Project Management. Some writers introduced radical new theories such as the 1960s book by Johnson, Kast, and Rosenzweig called The Theory and Management of Systems, which compared a modern business to a human organism (Theory of

The General Consensus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The General Consensus - Essay Example Of importance to note is the fact that expressions such as Barrack Obama are known as proper names. Hornsby and Longworth, (2005), hold the view that proper names such as the aforementioned expression are generally regarded to be paradigmatic expressions of reference. Hence, this paper shall seek to answer the question as to why proper names are directly referential. By so doing, this paper shall delve into the mechanism of referencing. In a nutshell, this shall be approached from the standpoint of what do words of referring attach to individuals or objects. Furthermore, the paper shall seek to exhaust the relationship between meaning/sense and reference. Against this backdrop, some theories of proper names reference shall be used to provide a deeper insight into this topic. On the other hand, this paper shall also consider views which have been put forward by opponents in relation to reference. As it has been stated above, there is the general consensus that proper names are paradigmatic expressions of reference. This can be attributed to the fact that they tend to have a distinct attachment to things in the World. Perhaps one might wonder what really constitutes proper names in the first place. For the purposes of this research paper, proper names shall be used in the context of all that is commonly known as names. Expressions such as Barrack Obama, New York or Mount Kilimanjaro fall within the category of proper names. Yet still, one might wonder what is common among all the three expressions. In essence, do they form a genuine group of linguistic expressions? A closer look at all the three expressions reveals that they are indeed syntactic expressions which are simple. In this regard, they refer or part of them refers to specific individuals and objects. Hence, ‘Barrack Obama’ refers to a specific man; ‘New York’ refers to a given city while Mo unt Kilimanjaro refers to a specific mountain.

Diels-Alder Reaction Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diels-Alder Reaction - Lab Report Example Characterization of the products is through chemical tests discussed in Mayo pages 266. The experiment cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride were reacted with the aqueous solution to form an n organic compound in crystal form. The composition of the cyclopentadiene does make it possible for such a reaction to proceed; it has 5 carbon rings that contain 2 carbon- carbon double bonds, which are separated by single alpha bonds. Purification of the crystalline product is typically accomplished by pipetting the solution from the underlying crystal products and consequently drying it. Diels-Alder reaction entails the preparation of the six-membered carbocyclic rings, which are conjugated diene with an alkene. The reaction of the product takes place in the single step to produce carbon-carbon bonds with the four stereocenters. The product is the adequate for the direct characterization. The reaction entails two reactants that are the butadiene and maleic anhydride, which both results to the functional groups to the corresponding product. In addition, the infrared spectrum of t he segregated material depicts the observation. The spectrum of the 3-sulfolene is representative on an alkene sulfone. Thus, the underlying macro group train for an unconjugated five-membered ring alkenes fits the underlying data rationally. The non-polar ought to exhibit a more solubility in petroleum ether in place of the hexane. It is mainly due to stronger van-der-Waals forces in the ether. Due to the presence of larger alkanes in petroleum ether, more intermolecular forces exist than hexane. For this reason, the presence of petroleum ether; the solubility is high for polar molecules yet with the increase in solubility denotes the decreased yield, hence less product. The presence of the two stereocenters coupled with the long range rotating is linked via the pie system of the alkene. The whole H spectrum is

Human Resources processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources processes - Essay Example Finally, employee and union relations are significant to set up the mutual promise required among constituents in a winning organization (Loesch, L. C. 2005). More and more, human resource management activities performed by managers and employees all through an organization in these areas are imperative to spirited performance. Just as information management, excellence improvement, monetary management, and other functions are becoming dim all through an organization, so is the management of human resources. It's flattering everyone's job to build an organization that learns rapidly, adapts fast to change, is staffed suitably, and performs efficiently. The strength of this addition is represented at General Electric, where "Every attempt of every man and woman in the company is focused on satisfying customers' needs ( Kirkpatrick, D. 2006, 54-59). To frame our orientation in a sensible approach to evaluate teacher performance, this research propose borrowing from the realm of corporate, industrial, and adult training and using Kirkpatrick's (1959a, 1959b,1960a,1960b) four level model of training evaluation. This model of evaluation has been the majority reviewed and practical guide to assessing the efficiency of training in the mature world of work since its beginning in 1959. In this research training and development, Kirkpatrick reviews the model and notes that small of the content has distorted. He still posits that the efficiency of training, and this paper propose teaching, is best assess at four increasingly difficult and precious levels. These are the response level, the learning level, the performance level, and the consequences level (Kirkpatrick, 1959a). The rest of this research will define these levels how every can be used to assess the performance of gurus. Integrating Human Resource Strategy and Business Strategy A main way to attain addition is to recognize and address people-related issues in the usual course of managing the business and as part of the strategic planning procedure. Moreover, human resource issues commendable of management attention are as essential to the success of commerce as marketing, operations, technology, monetary, or any other issues. Nowadays, almost all business issues have people implications; all human resource issues have commerce implications. Furthermore, strategies, counting human resource strategies, may be more or less open, near- or long-term, general or exact, depending on the state of affairs. They give plans for actions that will achieve under attack results under conditions of change. Richard Pascale has distinct plan as "all the things essential for the winning functioning of an association as an adaptive device". Strategies are effectual when significant commerce issues are resolved or turn out to be less significant and are replaced by new up-and-coming issues. In this background, human resource strategies play a dangerous role in formative the ability of a business to manage wanted change. No doubt, human resource staff and operating managers be supposed to work together as partners in defining and addressing commerce issues and their human resource insinuation. An opportunity for addition is

The General Consensus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The General Consensus - Essay Example Of importance to note is the fact that expressions such as Barrack Obama are known as proper names. Hornsby and Longworth, (2005), hold the view that proper names such as the aforementioned expression are generally regarded to be paradigmatic expressions of reference. Hence, this paper shall seek to answer the question as to why proper names are directly referential. By so doing, this paper shall delve into the mechanism of referencing. In a nutshell, this shall be approached from the standpoint of what do words of referring attach to individuals or objects. Furthermore, the paper shall seek to exhaust the relationship between meaning/sense and reference. Against this backdrop, some theories of proper names reference shall be used to provide a deeper insight into this topic. On the other hand, this paper shall also consider views which have been put forward by opponents in relation to reference. As it has been stated above, there is the general consensus that proper names are paradigmatic expressions of reference. This can be attributed to the fact that they tend to have a distinct attachment to things in the World. Perhaps one might wonder what really constitutes proper names in the first place. For the purposes of this research paper, proper names shall be used in the context of all that is commonly known as names. Expressions such as Barrack Obama, New York or Mount Kilimanjaro fall within the category of proper names. Yet still, one might wonder what is common among all the three expressions. In essence, do they form a genuine group of linguistic expressions? A closer look at all the three expressions reveals that they are indeed syntactic expressions which are simple. In this regard, they refer or part of them refers to specific individuals and objects. Hence, ‘Barrack Obama’ refers to a specific man; ‘New York’ refers to a given city while Mo unt Kilimanjaro refers to a specific mountain.

Human Resources processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources processes - Essay Example Finally, employee and union relations are significant to set up the mutual promise required among constituents in a winning organization (Loesch, L. C. 2005). More and more, human resource management activities performed by managers and employees all through an organization in these areas are imperative to spirited performance. Just as information management, excellence improvement, monetary management, and other functions are becoming dim all through an organization, so is the management of human resources. It's flattering everyone's job to build an organization that learns rapidly, adapts fast to change, is staffed suitably, and performs efficiently. The strength of this addition is represented at General Electric, where "Every attempt of every man and woman in the company is focused on satisfying customers' needs ( Kirkpatrick, D. 2006, 54-59). To frame our orientation in a sensible approach to evaluate teacher performance, this research propose borrowing from the realm of corporate, industrial, and adult training and using Kirkpatrick's (1959a, 1959b,1960a,1960b) four level model of training evaluation. This model of evaluation has been the majority reviewed and practical guide to assessing the efficiency of training in the mature world of work since its beginning in 1959. In this research training and development, Kirkpatrick reviews the model and notes that small of the content has distorted. He still posits that the efficiency of training, and this paper propose teaching, is best assess at four increasingly difficult and precious levels. These are the response level, the learning level, the performance level, and the consequences level (Kirkpatrick, 1959a). The rest of this research will define these levels how every can be used to assess the performance of gurus. Integrating Human Resource Strategy and Business Strategy A main way to attain addition is to recognize and address people-related issues in the usual course of managing the business and as part of the strategic planning procedure. Moreover, human resource issues commendable of management attention are as essential to the success of commerce as marketing, operations, technology, monetary, or any other issues. Nowadays, almost all business issues have people implications; all human resource issues have commerce implications. Furthermore, strategies, counting human resource strategies, may be more or less open, near- or long-term, general or exact, depending on the state of affairs. They give plans for actions that will achieve under attack results under conditions of change. Richard Pascale has distinct plan as "all the things essential for the winning functioning of an association as an adaptive device". Strategies are effectual when significant commerce issues are resolved or turn out to be less significant and are replaced by new up-and-coming issues. In this background, human resource strategies play a dangerous role in formative the ability of a business to manage wanted change. No doubt, human resource staff and operating managers be supposed to work together as partners in defining and addressing commerce issues and their human resource insinuation. An opportunity for addition is

United States Economy on the rebound Essay Example for Free

United States Economy on the rebound Essay Forbes. com reported that the United States economy recovered from an economic slump by 3. 4 percent in this year’s second quarter. It is reportedly a highly-favored performance in more than a year. The major force believed to be the largest attributing factor to this economic resurgence is the reinforcement of business spending. (AVERSA, 2007) The 3. 4 percent growth rate is said to be a bit higher than the 3. 2 percent estimated by Wall Street. (Daily Times , 2007) Despite the seemingly favorable pace, analysts predict that this show of strength may not continue for the rest of the year. The economic upswing can be credited to the rise of exports, a significant improvement in the global business scene, and a decline in consumer spending. Exports have reportedly grew to 6. 4 percent while imports dropped by 2. 6 percent. (Daily Times , 2007). Consumer expenditure is one of the factors that fuels economic expansion. However this component does not have too much of an impact. End user spending went up only 1. percent as opposed to 3. 7 percent in the first quarter. It is reportedly the weakest since late 2005. (Daily Times , 2007) The real estate sector also experienced a dip as real estate investments fell to 9. 3 per cent although not as low as the first quarter dip of 16. 3 per cent. Analysts are predicting that there are certain risks as brought on by this development. This is because the drop in real estate investments may have impacts of still unknown nature (Daily Times , 2007). Inflation rate is also among the meter sticks of economists. Inflation rates are better from the 2. 4 percent in the previous quarter to only 1. 4 percent in the next quarter; this is said to be the slowest rate since 2003. (Daily Times , 2007) It is expected that the American people will have more buying power resulting from the better condition of the economy and of the United States dollar’s show of strength. Personal incomes of the American people have increased by . 40 per cent or $47. 3 billion. Disposal personal incomes climbed up to $37. 6 billion or . 0 per cent according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis or the BEA. (Armah Rankin, 2007) Wages and salary payments have increased to a high $24. 9 billion in May. This is in stark contrast to the dip of $36. 4 billion in April. (Armah Rankin, 2007) In addition to the above factors, the real gross domestic product or the yield produced by industries and property in the United States, went up to 3. 4 per cent per annum. Elements that caused this increase in the GDP include upbeat inputs from personal expenses for services, exports, and nonresidential structures. Also lending a hand were federal government spending, state and local government expenditure. (Mannering, 2007) The uphill inclination of the economy will cause improvements in the financial stature of many Americans. Analysts and ordinary people alike expect that more and more people will be confident in their finances such that they will be able to afford more luxuries. This may cause a change in the lifestyle of many Americans. Banks are always on hand to offer loans that many people think will help alleviate their financial situation. People should be wary of this and be aware of the impact that interest rates may have on their finances, should they start to fail in making payments. In spite of the uphill trend of the economy, business analysts are hopeful but are still watchful of the possible outcome. Notwithstanding this positive development of the economy, it is still and always advisable to be careful of one’s spending habits. People should take advantage of the financial freedom that this economic condition will lend so that they can prepare for their future. Instead of spending a big portion of their hard-earned money on luxuries that will gradually deplete their monetary reserves because of expenditures such as taxes and depreciation, people should make it a habit to set aside a sum of money for investment instruments. Investment instruments such as pension plans, trust funds that will help them maximize their money’s earning potential and help them secure their future or make it easier for them to afford other comforts such as leisure trips out of the country or a new vacation home. Whatever state the economy is in, it is always wise to plan for the future. Those who are new in investing can seek the help of professionals who can aid them in making the right investment decision. One must always take advantage of investment tools that will help him enjoy and maximize the benefits of his hard-earned money. It is also important that people learn to stay debt-free. If they are already in debt, they should seek help of financial advisers on how to get out of debt in such a way that they can still live a comfortable life.

The Recording Of Lets Dance By David Bowie Music Essay

The Recording Of Lets Dance By David Bowie Music Essay He produced it and plays all rhythm guitar sections. Stevie Ray Vaughn recorded the guitar solo. He said in an interview that he sat in a corner and waited for his cue then added an improvised Albert King style solo. All in one take. This songs lyrical message is simple but David usually has a more complex character and this song seems to be a bit out of his style. That is why the song is not appreciated by a lot of Bowies fans. I see it as Bowies way of getting out of his skin, »Ã‚ ¿ letting his spirit run free forgetting all that holds up back to thinking with clarity. Bowie said that it was one of his lowest periods as an artist, although Stevie Ray Vaughn was credited on the album he wasnt still that famous and after that he became internationally famous with his own album. Bowie admits that this wasnt his best period creative wise but great at the time. Reinventing himself as an 80s pop icon was the kiss of death on his imitators such as David Sylvian, yet in truth the 2 becam e even more alike. It was almost like Bowie was playing him at his own game. LetHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets_Dance_(David_Bowie_album)HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets_Dance_(David_Bowie_album)s Dance was released as the first single from the album with the same title in 1983, and become one of his most successful records during that underrated part of his creative work. Bowies approach to the song and lyrics seems different compared to previous albums. The song is simple, but polished not neccesarily following the true image of Bowie in the seventies. The single was the fastest selling in Bowies career. It entered the UK single charts at number five and two weeks later the song stayed in top of the charts for a period of three weeks. That was Bowies only song to reach number one on the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. It narrowly missed topping the australian charts, peaking at number two. Lets dance was the fourth best selling single in 1983. Lets Dance helped Bowie to find a new younger audiences, unaware of his past career in the 1970s. The piece was one of the most played on the Serious Moonlight Tour (the name came in from the lyrics in lets dance I have been using the studio version for the analysis which is approximately seven minutes and thirty eight seconds. There is an edit of that version for the single release of the track, which is shorter in length 4:10. The song was recorded and produced by Nile Rodgers. He had a strong influence on the song and was working with his band Chic at that time. Lets Dance was the most commercial product in the album according to Bowie. Thats why it was also chosen for title of the album. It represents his best work from that time. Almost like it was written to remind the public that hes still writing quality, in fashion music. He wanted to be famous and he achieved it once again. The song was designed to appeal to young generations at the time, but still he managed to combine the disco with his own style and that makes it harder. Nowadays the typical mainstream artists such as Lady GaGa appear to be a bit monotonous compared to Bowies work. All of her songs that are mostly played by drum machine and a single DJ. The usage of a DJ limits the improvisation in a piece, because that way you have everything controlled by a single person that has to do all the work. Theres a strong element of electronic instruments and sequencers involved in the production. Even on her live performances shes doesnt use real musicians and the music is played by a single DJ usually. It feels like its missing the human feel compared to Bowies art. Lady gagas music seems a bit narrow in terms of improvisations and experimenting with harmonies and melodies. She also tried to use the same dance clichà © with a song with the title Just Dance. In an interview she admits that she was influenced by Bowie who spent the majority of his early career pretending that he came to this planet from outer space. Gaga has been sporting a collection of shiny suits made popular by Bowies alter-ego Ziggy Stardust. Gaga once said Fashion is everything to me in contrast with her Bowie oversaw the downsides and benefits of using digital instruments, but he remained true in his nature. He changed, but while listening is easy to distinguish his version of Lets Dance to the one by Lady Gaga which is not that unique. They are both similar in the whole dance approach to the piece, but musically Bowies delivers a lot more musical content with regards to the solo of Steve Ray Voughn whos still a legend today. Bowies art is evergreen it should last for a long time and its not just the music that makes it. Its the whole approach to it, the makeup and the drama he makes. Twenty years later his music is still relevant to whats going on nowadays. As in the music video there are still many third world poor people. And the dance music still dictates the commercial industries. The Disco became mainstream or popular in 1978-80 Its roots are coming from the jazz, classical and soul music. At first the music was in support of the rights movements and homosexual people. There was major revolution in a musical cultural and ethical form in that pre nineteen eighties pop. One of the first underground dance genres was strongly influenced by chic. Similar to the way that Blues, Jazz and Soul were used as a platform for a cultural revolution the disco was mainly exploited by black people in the beginning until it became popular. Chic dominated the charts for several y ears with a series of carefully crafted songs, including Le Freak and Good Times. Before long, other artists were turning to Rodgers and Edwards for their production, arranging, and songwriting skills, resulting in massive hits like Sister Sledges We are Family. In 1979, Rodgers brought his magic touch to David Bowies Lets Dance and a few years later he hit solid gold, producing Madonnas landmark singles Like a Virgin and Material Girl. He later continued to work with a diverse crop of famous artists, including Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Mick Jagger, Duran Duran, David Lee Roth, INXS, Grace Jones, and even jazz legend Al Jarreau. Nowadays Rodgers heads up his own label and production company, as well as Sumthing Distribution, a national record distribution company. The song was produced mimic early dance production in the eighties, although recorded with acoustic instruments the gated drums and the delay effect on almost everything suggest that song was intended to recreate the atmosphere of the new decade. Nile Rodgers is known to use drum machines in most of his productions, even though the groove of the band is more important to him as a producer. The groove has to be right before the start of overdubbing. He never used a metronome in Chics records even thou they were supposed to be a dance band. Years later he developed that technique. Theres a melody in the bass that was performed by Carmine Rojas who is known for working for Rod Stewart as a bass player and also a music director. During his time with David Bowie he was one of the most respected bass players in the industry. He was introduced to Bowie by drummer Tony Thompson. Carmine and Tony knew met when they were playing together in Labelle. In 1986 Carmine worked as a studio musician on a song recording for Alphavilles album Afternoons in Utopia. The bass seems to be a bit artificial like it was double tracked with a synthesizer. Thumping the bass in that way gives it more character to sustain the beats typical for many records in that era. Theres also a guitar in these first eight bars that was performed by the producer Nile Rodgers. He was a producer and a guitar player at the same time. He first began his career as a session musician living in New York he had the opportunity to play at the famous Apollo theater on one stage with the likes of Screaming Jay Hawkins, Maxine Brown, Aretha Franklin, Ben E. King, Betty Wright, Earl Lewis and the Channels, Parliament Funkadelic. Later in the seventies he met bassist Bernard Edwards. Together they formed a band called the big apple band. They made a huge success with a single hit, which allowed them to tour and even an opening for the Jackson five on their first tour in 1973. The band was disbanded after the second album failed to reach enough popularity to provoke enough sales, but Rodgers and Edward didnt give up and joined the drummer Tony Thompson. With his influence in the band they recorded as a Funk-Rock band called The Boys, which played many gigs on the East Coast. Despite the huge interest from the labels to sign them they didnt have any luck just because they were black. There was a concern that the black artists were too hard to promote. The band was playing at the local pubs at that time. Another New York artist, Walter Murphy, had a band also called The Big Apple Band and Rodgers and Edwards were decided to change the band name to avoid confusion in the public. In 1977 the band changed their name to Chic. They begun recording material with back vocalist Luther Vandross mainly disco tracks. Their success later helped the disco become popular, two of their most popular songs were called Everybody Dance and Dance, Dance, Dance I think David Bowie thought of the song as a clichà © to what became popular since his last album. Compared to his old songs such as Space oddity (1969) Life on mars (1973) that changed peoples lives and influenced revolutions. Althought David Bowies frequent changes of image, direction and carrer have been written about and discussed to the point of saturation, his songs are often overlooked. For instance Space Odity, released in 1969 to coincide with the US landing on the moon was his first major hit. Bowies fascination with space figures frequently in his early carreer. After abouncing he was gay, he reinvented himself from hippy singer-songwriter into Ziggy Stardust full on glam rocker from another planet. With the same unusual combinations he used Lets Dance as a clichà © for that period of time and how the trends were changed. He wanted that to work with musicians of Chics class, because they were the godfathers of the disco that was pretty popular at the time. Most of their records have a similar feel of the bass line being chopped to eights and sixteenths in 4/4 in tempo. Although the line is in short rhythmical dura tions still theres a pulsing downbeat every crotchet, just like on modern underground dance music. The music tended to layer soaring, often-reverberated vocals, which are often doubled by synthesizers. The use of wah pedaled effects that sounds like metallic scratches in short durations. Peculiar backing keyboard instruments such string synthesizers and electro acoustic keyboards such as the Fender Rhodes piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, and Hohner Clavinet. Synthesizers are also fairly common in disco, especially in the late 1970s. The rhythm was usually played by spectacular, syncopated basslines (with common use of octaves) played on a bass guitar double tracked with synthesizers. The drum part was played on acoustic drum kit, African/Latin percussion or electronic drum machines such as the Simmons and Roland drum modules. Although some of James Browns songs are strongly influenced by black people the disco it still remains heavily improvised on stage, but with the disco there wa s a new way to improvise live with the recently invented digital and analog pads and samplers implemented in the recent technology development. A shift in the audience from younger generations introduced the disco as a new type of funk mixed with analog synthesizers that could hold a sustained and controlled downbeat and without the need of a real drummer. The fixed beat technology developed enough with the help of drum machines to ease the process of live production holding a fixed tempo without a need of a drummer and at the same time sacrificing the musical content in it. The role of Nile Rodgers was to balance these two aspects. The song begins with a voice intro performed by Bowie which reminds of something from the sixties called layered seventh. In the first bar there is only one vocal which is the first tone in Eflat major, then in every new bar there is a new vocal layered, the third and the fifth until reaching the dominant seventh major and resolving to first at the fifth bar (0:09)Thats where the basics of the pre-verse are formed. After the intro the chord verse structure is changed with a tonal centre of Bflat7sus . Followed by a Eflatseventh in the second bar. Fsharp in a six chord in the third bar and Bflat minor sixth in the fourth. In instrumental intro which consists of eight bars trumpet solo in the beginning performed by Mac Gollehon. It can be characterized as a jazz improvisation. Bowies voice enters the verse, which consists of sixteen bars. Theres a wooden block played percussion instrument played in sixteenths, a stereo delay is also applied. Splitting the signal into a dry sound, which is panned to the right and the delayed sound is panned to the left. Theres a short saxophone melody played by Bowie at the end of every eight bars in the first verse. A big amount of delay was used on the lead voice; it bounces in far left and right. The rhythm guitar and snare seem to use the same technique with using a long delay time. And then it goes to the chorus section with the lyrical content: With the harmony change in A flat in the first bar that goes to C sharp major and Eflat major on the phrase run with you and its repeated again by the guitar and bass. The whole melody line is repeated once again. And then on my love it goes from Aflat major through F minor, C sharp and E flat. The end part of the chorus from and tremble like a flower Is in Eflat major seventh followed by a Bflat7suspended4, eflat major again Fsharp major six chord and the whole chorus ends on Bflat minor sixth. ABBA Dancing Queen (1976) Andy Gibb Shadow dancing 1978, (B)Anita Ward Ring my bell 1979, Barry White »Ã‚ ¿ Youre The First, The Last, My Everything (1974), Hot Chocolate You Sexy Thing (I Believe in Miracles) (1975), Lipps Inc Funky Town (1980), Sister Sledge We are family (1979),